thượng thanh
Definition
- Noun:
- The third tone in the classical Chinese tonal system: In traditional Chinese phonology, "thượng thanh" is the name of the third of the four main tones. It is described as a rising tone.
- A tonal category corresponding to certain Vietnamese diacritics: In comparative linguistics, this classical Chinese tone category historically corresponds to Vietnamese words bearing the hỏi (
?) and ngã (~) diacritical marks.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Trong tiếng Hán cổ, "thượng thanh" là một thanh điệu quan trọng. (In classical Chinese, "thượng thanh" is an important tone.)
- Nhiều từ Hán-Việt thuộc thanh "thượng thanh" khi sang tiếng Việt mang dấu hỏi hoặc ngã. (Many Sino-Vietnamese words belonging to the "thượng thanh" tone carry the hỏi or ngã mark in Vietnamese.)
Advanced Usage
- Historical Phonology: The term is primarily used in academic contexts discussing historical Chinese linguistics, Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, and tonal evolution.
- Sự biến đổi của "thượng thanh" ở các phương ngôn khác nhau rất phức tạp. (The evolution of the "thượng thanh" tone in different dialects is very complex.)
Variants and Related Words
- Tứ thanh (n): The four tones of classical Chinese (bình, thượng, khứ, nhập).
- Hỏi thanh (n): The Vietnamese hỏi tone (corresponding to one reflex of "thượng thanh").
- Ngã thanh (n): The Vietnamese ngã tone (corresponding to one reflex of "thượng thanh").
Synonyms
- Rising tone (in the context of classical Chinese description).
Related Concepts
- Tone Correspondence: A key concept in Sino-Vietnamese phonology, explaining the systematic relationship between Chinese historical tones and modern Vietnamese diacritics.
- Âm Hán-Việt (Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation): The reading pronunciation for Chinese characters used in Vietnamese, where "thượng thanh" is a foundational tonal category.